Causes and Risk Factors

Causes:

• Valve Dysfunction: Veins in the legs have one-way valves that prevent blood from flowing backward. When these valves fail, blood pools in the veins, causing them to enlarge.
• Increased Pressure: Activities or conditions that increase pressure in the veins, such as standing for long periods or heavy lifting, can contribute to varicose veins.

Risk Factors:

• Genetics: A family history of varicose veins increases the likelihood of developing the condition.
• Age: The risk increases with age as vein elasticity and valve function can deteriorate over time.
• Gender: Women are more likely to develop varicose veins due to hormonal changes during pregnancy, menstruation, and menopause.
• Pregnancy: Increased blood volume and hormonal changes during pregnancy can contribute to the development of varicose veins.
• Obesity: Excess weight puts additional pressure on the veins in the legs.
• Prolonged Standing or Sitting: Jobs or activities that involve long periods of standing or sitting can impede blood flow and lead to varicose veins.

Symptoms

The severity of symptoms can vary, but common signs include:

• Visible Veins: Enlarged, twisted veins that are blue or dark purple.
• Pain or Discomfort: Aching, heaviness, or throbbing in the legs, especially after prolonged standing or sitting.
• Swelling: Swelling in the lower legs and ankles.
• Itching or Burning: Itchy or burning sensations around the affected veins.
• Skin Changes: Discoloration or thickening of the skin around the veins.

Diagnosis

1. Physical Examination: An initial assessment involves inspecting the legs and assessing symptoms.
2. Ultrasound: The primary diagnostic tool to evaluate blood flow in the veins and assess the function of the valves. It helps in determining the presence and severity of varicose veins and guiding treatment decisions.