Understanding Varicose Veins

What Are Varicose Veins?

Varicose veins are swollen, twisted veins that are visible just under the surface of the skin. They most commonly occur in the legs and feet. These veins become enlarged and often look bulging and bluish or purple. They occur when the valves within the veins become weakened or damaged, causing blood to pool and the veins to stretch.

Symptoms

Visible Veins: Enlarged, twisted veins that are prominent under the skin.
Pain or Discomfort: Aches, heaviness, or a feeling of fullness in the legs.
Swelling: Particularly around the ankles or feet.
Itching or Burning: Around the affected veins.
Skin Changes: Discoloration or ulcers near the ankles in severe cases.

Causes and Risk Factors

Genetics: A family history of varicose veins increases the risk.
Age: The risk increases with age as veins lose elasticity.
Gender: Women are more likely to develop varicose veins due to hormonal changes related to pregnancy, menopause, or birth control pills.
Pregnancy: Increased blood volume and hormonal changes can cause the veins to enlarge.
Obesity: Extra weight puts additional pressure on veins.
Prolonged Standing or Sitting: Jobs or activities that require long periods of standing or sitting can increase risk.
Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations can affect vein elasticity.

Diagnosis

Physical Examination: A doctor may diagnose varicose veins by examining the affected area.
Ultrasound: This imaging test helps to assess the blood flow in the veins and to check for blood clots.

Treatment Options

1. Lifestyle Changes

Exercise: Regular physical activity can improve circulation.
Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces pressure on veins.
Elevating Legs: Raising the legs can help reduce swelling and discomfort.

2. Medical Treatments

Compression Stockings: Special stockings that apply pressure to the legs to help blood flow
Sclerotherapy: A procedure where a solution is injected into the vein, causing it to collapse and fade.
Laser Treatment: Uses light energy to close off small varicose veins.
Endovenous Laser Therapy (EVLT): A laser fiber is inserted into the vein to heat and seal it shut.

3. Sclerotherapy : Sclerotherapy is a medical procedure used primarily to treat varicose veins and spider veins. The process involves injecting a sclerosing solution directly into the affected veins, which causes them to collapse and eventually be absorbed by the body. Here’s a detailed look at what sclerotherapy entails

4. Surgical Procedures

Ambulatory Phlebectomy: Removal of small varicose veins through tiny incisions.
Vein Stripping: Surgical removal of the affected vein (less commonly used now).

5.Laser treatment ( EVLT)/RFA : Endovenous Laser Treatment (EVLT) and Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) are both advanced, minimally invasive procedures used to treat varicose veins, each employing different technologies but offering similar benefits. EVLT involves inserting a thin laser fiber into the affected vein through a small incision. Guided by ultrasound, the laser emits energy that heats the vein wall, causing it to collapse and eventually be absorbed by the body.

6.Endovascular Glue Embolisation( Venaseal ) / Latest Treatment of Varicose veins : Endovenous Glue Embolization, commonly known by the brand name VenaSeal, represents one of the latest advancements in the treatment of varicose veins. This innovative procedure uses a medical adhesive to close off problematic veins, offering a new option for patients seeking effective and minimally invasive treatment.

Prevention

Exercise Regularly: Helps maintain good circulation and vein strength.
Maintain a Healthy Weight: Reduces pressure on veins.
Avoid Prolonged Standing or Sitting: Move around regularly to improve circulation.
Wear Compression Stockings: Can prevent vein problems or worsen existing conditions.
Elevate Legs: Helps reduce swelling and improve blood flow.

When to See a Doctor

Consult a healthcare professional if you experience:

Significant pain or discomfort in your legs.
Swelling or skin changes.
Bleeding from a varicose vein.
Symptoms that interfere with daily activities.

Conclusion

Varicose veins are a common condition that can range from being a minor cosmetic issue to causing significant discomfort. With appropriate treatment and lifestyle adjustments, many people can manage their symptoms effectively and improve their quality of life.