Arterial Blockages Angioplasty
Arterial blockages angioplasty is a procedure used to treat blockages in the arteries that impede blood flow. This technique aims to restore normal blood flow to affected areas of the body, which can help alleviate symptoms, prevent complications, and improve overall health. Arterial blockages are commonly caused by atherosclerosis, where fatty deposits or plaques build up on the arterial walls.
Procedure Overview
Preparation: The patient is typically given a sedative and local anesthesia to numb the area where the catheter will be inserted. An intravenous (IV) line is placed for administering medications and fluids.
Catheter Insertion: A catheter, a thin flexible tube, is inserted into a blood vessel, usually in the groin or arm. Using fluoroscopic (X-ray) guidance, the catheter is navigated to the site of the blockage.
Balloon Inflation: Once the catheter reaches the narrowed or blocked segment of the artery, a small balloon at the tip of the catheter is inflated. This balloon expands within the artery, compressing the plaque against the artery walls and widening the vessel to improve blood flow.
Assessment: After balloon inflation, imaging is performed to ensure that the artery has been adequately opened. If the results are satisfactory, the balloon is deflated and removed.
Stent Placement (if necessary): In many cases, a stent, which is a small mesh tube, is inserted and deployed at the site of the blockage to maintain the artery’s openness. The stent is expanded either by balloon inflation or through its own self-expanding mechanism.
Post-Procedure Care: The catheter and balloon are removed, and the insertion site is managed to prevent bleeding. The patient is monitored for any immediate complications and may need to stay in the hospital for a short period.
Indications
- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): For blockages in the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle, angioplasty can relieve symptoms like chest pain (angina) and reduce the risk of heart attacks.
- Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): For blockages in the arteries of the legs or other extremities, angioplasty can improve symptoms such as pain or cramping during physical activity and enhance mobility.
- Renal Artery Stenosis: To treat blockages in the arteries supplying blood to the kidneys, which can help manage hypertension and preserve kidney function.
Risks and Complications
- Bleeding: There is a risk of bleeding at the catheter insertion site or inside the artery.
- Infection: Possible infection at the insertion site or within the artery.
- Arterial Injury: Risk of injury or dissection of the artery during the procedure.
- Re-narrowing (Restenosis): The artery may become narrowed again over time, particularly if a stent was not placed or if the stent becomes obstructed.
- Allergic Reaction: Potential reaction to contrast dye used for imaging.
